Engineering  Engr 45 lb #4

The force- displacement data can be accessed below.  I’ve provided the data to you in 3 forms – a .csv file, a .xlsx file, and a google sheet.  Ignore any length/thickness information in the spreadsheets – the length and thickness can be found in part 1 of the lab on canvas.TENSION TESTS_Lab4.csvTENSION TESTS_Lab4.xlsxLab 4 google sheet (Links to an external site.)Lab ReportUsing the data collected for the four specimens, prepare a lab report with the following sections.  Upload one lab report per group as a pdf or word document.Introduction(3 points)Discuss the objectives of the labExplain why tensile tests and hardness tests are used, what they tell us about a specimen, and why they are important.Describe the different specimens/materials studied in this experiment – where are these materials used in real life?ProcedureYou do not need to include this section in your lab report, but it is given to you here so you can see the step by step procedurePerform multiple Rockwell hardness tests on each specimenconduct the test on the wide section of the specimen to avoid damaging the specimen and affecting the results of the tensile testSelect the correct indenter for the test (B-scale uses a 1/16 inch steel ball)Apply the minor load by turning the hand wheel until the small dial is facing the black dotSet the dial so that the large hand is facing zeroApply the major load by pressing down the leverTurn the hand lever forward to release the major loadRead the number from the red numbers on the dialPerform tensile tests using the Instron universal testing machineCalibrate the load cell with no specimen in the testerSet the testing machine to conduct the test at a constant strain rate of 2.54 mm/minLoad the specimen into the testerBalance the force and zero the displacementStart the testThe machine will automatically stop when the specimen has been brokenResults and Discussion(40 points)Determine the hardness of each specimen and report this in the table shown on part 1Calculate the stress and strain for each specimen (you do not need to submit the table of values with your lab, I just want to see your graph)Plot the stress-strain curve for each specimenPlot all four lines on one graphMake sure all four lines are different colors or line typesMake sure the units on your axes are correctMake sure your graph has axes labelsUsing this plot, for each specimenCalculate the modulus of elasticityDetermine the yield strength using a strain offset of 0.002Determine the ultimate tensile strengthApproximate the ductility using percent elongationCompute the modulus of resilienceCompute the toughnessShow an example calculation for each calculation – if your calculation uses the graph, be sure to include a copy of your graph and show how you used the graphPut your solutions in a table that looks like the one belowInclude units in the tableSteel 1Steel 2Steel AverageAluminum 1Aluminum 2Aluminum AverageHardnessModulus of ElasticityYield StrengthTensile StrengthPercent ElongationModulus of ResilienceToughnessHow did the properties vary between the two materials?Which material had a higher modulus of elasticity?  What does this mean for the elastic properties of the materials?Which material was more resilient?  What does it mean for a material to be more resilient than another?Which material was tougher?  What does it mean for a material to be tougher than another?Compare the value calculated for Modulus of Elasticity with the values found in the book.  Are these values different?  If so, why do you think that is?Compare the yield strength and tensile strength to the hardness.How are hardness and strength related?Does your data support this relationship between hardness and strength?Based on the properties of the steel, what kind of steel do you think was used?Conclusion(7 points)Discuss the results and compare them to your initial hypotheses done in the two discussions in this moduleDiscuss the errors in the experiment (i.e. differences between the steel specimens)Were the objectives met?Do you have any remaining comments or questions?Previous

 

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